LGC Newsletter – December 2023

Guantánamo Bay

The UK Supreme Court has ruled that Guantánamo “forever prisoner” Abu Zubaydah can sue the British government “over allegations that British intelligence services asked the CIA to put questions to him while he was being tortured in “black sites”. The supreme court said MI5 and MI6 were subject to the law of England and Wales and not – as the government had attempted to argue – the six different countries where Abu Zubaydah was held.” Prior to his detention at Guantánamo in 2006, the Palestinian prisoner who was kidnapped by the US in Pakistan in 2002, was “rendered” to torture at secret CIA torture facilities in Thailand, Lithuania, Poland, Morocco, Guantánamo Bay (at a secret facility there) and Afghanistan. He has never been tried or charged. He has successfully sued Poland and Lithuania for their collusion with the CIA in his torture at the European Court of Human Rights. Abu Zubaydah’s lawyers claim that “the UK intelligence services committed the civil wrongs of misfeasance in public office, conspiracy to injure, trespass to the person, false imprisonment and negligence […. Abu Zubaydah] alleges that the UK intelligence services sent numerous questions to the CIA to be used in interrogations, without seeking any assurances that he would not be tortured or mistreated or taking steps to discourage or prevent such treatment. He claims that at the black sites he was waterboarded on 83 occasions and also subjected to extreme sleep deprivation, confinement inside boxes, beatings, death threats, starvation, denial of medical care and no access to sanitation.”

https://www.theguardian.com/law/2023/dec/20/guantanamo-prisoner-can-sue-uk-government-supreme-court-rules

https://www.supremecourt.uk/cases/uksc-2022-0083.html

 

The Periodic Review Board has denied the last Afghan prisoner, Muhammad Rahim, the chance to be cleared for release, claiming that he still poses a threat to the security of the USA; he has never been charged or tried at Guantánamo in over 17 years of detention there. He is one of three of the remaining 30 prisoners who remain in indefinite detention.

https://www.afghanistan-analysts.org/en/reports/rights-freedom/a-dreams-deferred-again-the-last-remaining-afghan-in-guantanamo-loses-his-latest-bid-for-freedom/

 

The National Defense Authorization Act 2023 has allocated an initial $60 million for the construction of a new and modern healthcare facility but has maintained restrictions on the transfer of Guantánamo prisoners to prison facilities in the US and bars funding for their transfer to the US or other countries. In signing the law into force, President Joe Biden criticised these provisions stating: “Section 1033 of the Act continues to bar the use of funds appropriated to the Department of Defense to transfer Guantánamo Bay detainees to the custody or effective control of certain foreign countries.  Section 1031 likewise would continue to prohibit the use of such funds to transfer Guantánamo Bay detainees into the United States.  It is the longstanding position of the executive branch that these provisions unduly impair the ability of the executive branch to determine when and where to prosecute Guantánamo Bay detainees and where to send them upon release.  In some circumstances, these provisions could make it difficult to comply with the final judgment of a court that has directed the release of a detainee on writ of habeas corpus, including by constraining the flexibility of the executive branch with respect to its engagement in delicate negotiations with foreign countries over the potential transfer of detainees. I urge the Congress to eliminate these restrictions as soon as possible.”

https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2023/12/22/statement-from-president-joe-biden-on-h-r-2670-national-defense-authorization-act-for-fiscal-year-2024/

 

LGC Newsletter – August 2023

 Guantánamo Bay

The periodic review board (PRB), the mechanism set up to decide whether prisoners should continue to be detained indefinitely without charge or trial, decided to uphold the detention of Palestinian prisoner Abu Zubaydah, whose torture, including waterboarding, at the hands of the CIA has been litigated successfully in several countries. The US also decided as early as 2006 that he did not pose any threat to it, however having suffered some of the worst torture in the post-9/11 war on terror, the US is reluctant to release him, even though he has never been charged and faces no charges.

The last Afghan prisoner held at Guantánamo, Muhammad Rahim, held since 2007, had his review on 15 August. It is the first time that he had a lawyer present with him at such a hearing. https://www.afghanistan-analysts.org/en/reports/rights-freedom/the-last-afghan-in-guantanamo-pressure-mounts-on-us-to-deal-with-the-remnants-of-its-war-on-terror/

 

The family of former Russian prisoner Ravil Mingazov, who was transferred to the UAE by the Obama administration in 2017, where he has since remained imprisoned and with little communication with the outside world, delivered a letter to the UK Home Office calling for the UK to grant him asylum. His son and his mother are refugees in the UK.

https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/ex-guantanamo-inmate-detained-uae-pleads-uk-grant-asylum

 

In a ruling on 18 August, evidence obtained through the use of torture was excluded from the capital case of Yemeni prisoner Abd Al-Nashiri. A “military judge in Guantanamo Bay overseeing the pretrial capital prosecution of Abd al-Rahim al-Nashiri, the Saudi national accused of organizing the October 2000 bombing of the U.S.S. Cole, excluded Mr. al-Nishiri’s confessions as the product of torture. “Exclusion of such evidence is not without societal costs,” said the judge, Col. Lanny J. Acosta Jr., in a 50-page decision. “However, permitting the admission of evidence obtained by or derived from torture by the same government that seeks to prosecute and execute the accused may have even greater societal costs.” This decision raises serious questions about the admissibility of confessions made under similar circumstances by the five detainees accused of the 9/11 terror attacks and may affect the plea negotiations currently underway for these men.” With a new judge appointed to the case, Marine Lt. Col. Terrance Reese, the prosecution has decided to appeal the decision to the US Court of Military Commission Review. Excluding confessions forced through the use of torture, the US may not have enough real evidence for its case.

https://deathpenaltyinfo.org/news/confessions-of-guantanamo-detainee-in-death-penalty-case-excluded-as-product-of-torture

https://www.lawdragon.com/news-features/2023-08-18-judge-excludes-gitmo-defendants-confession-because-of-cia-torture

 

A military medical board has come to the conclusion that one of the five defendants accused of involvement in the September 2001 attacks in New York City, Ramzi Binalshibh, is not fit to face trial; he has a “mental illness that makes him incompetent to either face trial or plead guilty in the death penalty case”, according to a report filed with the judge hearing the case. “The question of Binalshibh’s sanity and capacity to help his lawyers defend him has shadowed the 9/11 conspiracy case since his first court appearance in 2008. Then, a military lawyer disclosed that her client was restrained with ankle shackles and that the prison had him medicated with psychotropic drugs. He has disrupted pretrial hearings over the years with outbursts, and in court and in filings complained that the CIA torments him with noises, vibrations and other techniques to deprive of him sleep.” The report was commissioned by the judge in April and it is now up to him to decide whether Binalshibh will be dismissed from the case. “According to their lawyers, at least four of the defendants have sleep disorders, brain injuries, gastrointestinal damage or other health problems they attribute to the agency’s brutal interrogation methods during their three to four years in CIA custody before their transfer to Guantánamo Bay in 2006”.

https://www.seattletimes.com/nation-world/man-accused-in-9-11-plot-is-not-fit-to-face-trial-board-says/

LGC Newsletter – May 2023

Guantánamo Bay

“The US Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit ruled Tuesday [9 May] that former Guantánamo Bay detainee Omar Ahmed Khadr waived his right to appeal his war crime convictions under the Military Commissions Act. Circuit Judge Karen LeCraft Henderson authored the opinion of the court.

“The court ruled that Khadr waived his right to appeal his convictions in his pretrial agreement with the federal prosecutor on his case. In the agreement, Khadr agreed to plead guilty to all his charges and waive his appeal rights for a sentence not to exceed eight years. The court ruled Khadr “knowingly, intelligently and voluntarily” waived his right to appeal his conviction. Additionally, the court decided that Khadr “expressly waived the right to appeal his conviction, sentence and detention.” The court also noted the importance of allowing criminal defendants to waive their rights to appeal as a “bargaining chip to use in negotiating a plea agreement with the Government.””

A dissenting opinion was given by Judge Robert Wilkins who said that the court did not have the jurisdiction to review the plea agreement between the military commission and the Canadian former prisoner.

https://www.jurist.org/news/2023/05/us-appeals-court-rules-that-al-qaida-member-waived-right-to-appeal-war-crime-convictions/

 

In a new case before the secretive investigatory powers tribunal in the UK, lawyers for Abd Al Nashiri have argued that the UK secret services – MI5, MI6 and GCHQ – were involved in his rendition and torture by the CIA. “In papers submitted to the tribunal, al-Nashiri’s barrister, Hugh Southey KC, said: “The complainant’s case is that the UK agencies aided, abetted, encouraged, facilitated and/or conspired with the US authorities in his mistreatment.” […]The lawyers allege the UK’s involvement in al-Nashiri’s mistreatment probably included allowing Luton airport to be used to refuel a private jet used in his rendition from Thailand to Poland in December 2002.” The UK government argued that the court did not have the jurisdiction to hear the case.

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/may/28/guantanamo-detainee-accuses-uk-agencies-of-complicity-in-his-torture

 

The 10-year sentence for association with a terrorist organisation, involved in recruiting for ISIS, given to former Algerian prisoner Saber Lahmar in France, who was never charged or tried at Guantánamo, was upheld on appeal on 25 May. The sentence includes a 2/3 custodial sentence and a permanent ban from French territory. His lawyers have stated that the charges were based on hearsay and intend to appeal to the French Supreme Court.

https://www.7sur7.be/monde/peine-de-10-ans-de-prison-confirmee-en-appel-pour-un-ex-detenu-de-guantanamo~adf87186/

A new report by Prof Mark Denbeaux and his students at the Center for Policy and Research at Seton Hall University law school, “American Torturers: FBI and CIA Abuses at Dark Sites and Guantánamo,” includes new drawings by his client “forever” prisoner Abu Zubaydah of the torture he received. These images provide “the most comprehensive and detailed account yet seen of the brutal techniques to which he was subjected. Abu Zubaydah has created a series of 40 drawings that chronicle the torture he endured in a number of CIA dark sites between 2002 and 2006 and at Guantánamo Bay. In the absence of a full official accounting of the torture program, which the CIA and the FBI have labored for years to keep secret, the images give a unique and searing insight into a grisly period in US history. The drawings, which Zubaydah has annotated with his own words, depict gruesome acts of violence, sexual and religious humiliation, and prolonged psychological terror committed against him and other detainees. They were sketched from memory in his Guantánamo cell and sent to one of his lawyers, Prof Mark Denbeaux.”

https://www.theguardian.com/law/2023/may/11/abu-zubaydah-drawings-guantanamo-bay-us-torture-policy

LGC Newsletter – March 2022

 Guantánamo Bay

On 3 March, in a 6-3 decision, the United States Supreme Court ruled to prevent CIA contractors, psychologists James Elmer Mitchell and John Bruce Jessen, the architects of the extraordinary rendition programme, from being questioned as part of a criminal investigation in Poland into the unlawful detention and torture of Abu Zubaydah, a current “forever prisoner” at Guantánamo. “The court found that the government could assert what is called the “state-secrets privilege” to prevent the contractors from being questioned because it would jeopardise national security.” and that “The contractors’ testimony “would be tantamount to a disclosure from the CIA itself”.” Nonetheless, as one of the judges, Neil Gorsuch, pointed out in his dissenting opinion, “much of what the government claims to be a state secret is already widely known. “There comes a point where we should not be ignorant as judges of what we know to be true as citizens,” Gorsuch wrote. “Ending this suit may shield the government from some further modest measure of embarrassment. But respectfully, we should not pretend it will safeguard any secret,” Gorsuch added.”” Commenting on the ruling, Dror Ladin, from the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) stated, “Today a majority of the Supreme Court allowed the CIA to declare secret the widely-known location of its torture facility in Poland. US courts are the only place in the world where everyone must pretend not to know basic facts about the CIA’s torture program. It is long past time to stop letting the CIA hide its crimes behind absurd claims of secrecy and national security harm.”

https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/3/3/us-supreme-court-blocks-testimony-over-guantanamo-detainee

https://www.scotusblog.com/2022/03/fractured-majority-allows-government-to-withhold-information-on-torture-at-cia-black-sites/

 

Saudi prisoner Mohammad Al-Qahtani is the second prisoner to be repatriated by the Biden administration. Currently, 38 prisoners remain at Guantánamo. Al-Qahtani, who suffers from mental health problems which have degenerated further through US torture and unlawful detention for over 20 years, was returned to Saudi Arabia to receive psychiatric treatment there. He had previously faced charges as a potential accomplice in the 9/11 attacks in New York, but this was dropped after it was established that his confession had been obtained through torture. One of his lawyers, Ramzi Kassem, stated, “After two decades without trial in U.S. custody, Mohammed will now receive the psychiatric care he has long needed in Saudi Arabia, with the support of his family. Keeping him at Guantanamo, where he was tortured, and then repeatedly attempted suicide, would have been a likely death sentence.”

https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/after-20-years-at-guantanamo-mohammad-ahmad-al-qahtani-transferred-out-of-detention-facility-back-to-saudi-arabia  

 

A defence lawyer representing one of the defendants in the 9/11 case, Yemeni Walid Bin Attash, since 2011, Cheryl Bormann, resigned abruptly from the case after telling the court that her “performance and conduct” are being investigated by the Pentagon’s Military Commissions Defense Organization. The judge in the case, Colonel Matthew McCall, has since issued an order dismissing her and ordering the appointment of a replacement. While details have not been released concerning the investigation, Bormann has previously been forthright in her views on her client’s case, referring “to prosecutors as working for 'the government that wants to kill him.'” Finding a replacement could be a lengthy process and prosecutors have more recently asked the judge to reconsider his decision as her client, the defendant, has not publicly consented to this.

https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-10600481/Defense-lawyer-9-11-suspect-resigns-performance-conduct-investigation.html

At the same time, while pre-trial hearings did not go ahead in the case this month, discussions are underway, but are suspended for the Muslim holy month of Ramadan which starts in early April, to reach a plea bargain which would see the defendants avoid the death penalty in return for a guilty plea. Over the past decade, pre-trial hearings in the case have been mired in issues related to the torture of the defendants in secret CIA detention; a plea bargain could avoid the need to consider this.

https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2022/mar/15/september-11-khalid-sheikh-mohammed-prosecutors-plea-deal-report

 

The first pre-trial hearing at the military tribunal this year was held on 28 March in the case of Nashwan al Tamir (Abd al-Hadi al-Iraqi) with a new judge, Lieutenant Colonel Mark F. Rosenow. The hearing consisted mainly of questions to the new judge by the prosecution and defence and other procedural matters. The next hearing in this case is scheduled to take place in June.

 

The Pentagon announced on 11 March that Majid Khan, whose confession was obtained through the use of torture and was convicted through a secret plea bargain that included giving evidence against other prisoners, had completed his prison sentence. He pleaded guilty in 2012 to “delivering $50,000 from Pakistan to a Qaeda affiliate. The money was used in the 2003 bombing of a Marriott hotel in Jakarta, Indonesia, that killed about a dozen people.” He was sentenced almost a decade later, when he was given a 26-year sentence in October 2021. Horrified by the nature of the torture that led to his confession, the military jurors urged the war court to show him clemency, which it did by reducing his sentence to 10 years; it thus ended on 1^st March. However, the Pakistani national is unlikely to be released soon, as he must be transferred to a safe third country. He cannot return to Pakistan as “when he first pleaded guilty, he became a U.S. government witness, and his life could be in danger were he sent there.” His lawyer J. Wells Dixon from the Center for Constitutional Rights stated, “There is no basis left to continue to hold Majid Khan at Guantánamo. The United States must send him to a safe, third country where he can be reunited with his wife and his daughter, who he never met.”

https://www.nytimes.com/2022/03/11/us/politics/terrorist-gitmo-sentence-majid-khan.html

 

Extraordinary rendition

United Nations human rights expert Fionnuala Ní Aoláin, the Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms while countering terrorism, submitted a report to the Human Rights Council, in which she “called on States to ensure that the post 9/11 legacy of secret detention, rendition and torture is not forgotten and its ongoing consequences are tackled head on.” While expressing particular concern “about the normalization and expansion of secret detention practices in northeast Syria and Xinjiang, China.”, she “highlighted the experiences of those rendered to the detention site at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba – and stressed that 38 Muslim men continue to be held at this site in conditions which meet the legal threshold for torture, cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment under international law. “Not a single man who was rendered across borders, tortured, arbitrarily detained, separated from family has received an adequate remedy. Many who were returned home continue to live with long-term social and psychological trauma. No-one was held accountable for systematic practices of torture and rendition.””

https://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=28288&LangID=E

 

From Matrix Chambers (UK): “The Court of Appeal has today allowed an appeal brought by Abu Zubaydah, a detainee at the US military prison in Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, in a claim for complicity in torture against the UK Government. The claimant alleges that from 2002-2006 he was arbitrarily detained at secret US “black site” prisons located in six different countries (“the Six Countries”), where he was subjected to extreme mistreatment and torture by the CIA. He contends that from at 2002 the UK security and intelligence services were aware that he was being arbitrarily detained, mistreated, and tortured, in CIA “black sites” but nonetheless sent questions to the US intelligence agencies to be used in their interrogations of him for the purpose of attempting to elicit information of interest to the UK intelligence services. The claimant claims that by acting in this way, the UK security and intelligence services committed the torts of misfeasance in public office, conspiracy to injure, trespass to the person, false imprisonment and negligence.

“In February 2021 the High Court ruled that the applicable law for these claims against the UK Government was the laws of the Six Countries, meaning that the question of whether the UK Government was liable to the claimant would be determined by reference to the laws of Thailand, Lithuania, Poland, the United States (or possibly Cuba), Afghanistan and Morocco. In a judgment handed down today, the Court of Appeal overturned that conclusion, finding that the High Court had made a number of “important errors of law” and ruling that the claimant’s claims are governed exclusively by English law.”

https://www.matrixlaw.co.uk/news/court-of-appeal-allows-appeal-in-claim-by-guantanamo-bay-detainee-against-uk-government/ 

 

LGC Newsletter – October 2021

 Guantánamo Bay

As part of an ongoing investigation in Poland into its collusion with the CIA’s extraordinary rendition torture programme, particularly in relation to Guantánamo prisoner Abu Zubaydah, who has already successfully prosecuted the country for its involvement in crimes against humanity, a hearing was held at the United States Supreme Court in a case brought by his lawyers to order two CIA contractors, considered the architects of the extraordinary rendition programme, to testify about the torture he faced at an illegal secret CIA prison in Poland.

During the hearing, three of the nine judges on the panel asked why he could not speak himself: ““Why not make the witness available? What is the government’s objection to the witness testifying on his own treatment and not requiring any addition from the government of any kind?” Justice Neil Gorsuch asked.” At the same time, “The US government is blocking the request, arguing that questioning [James] Mitchell and [John] Jessen would reveal “state secrets”. After legal battles in the lower courts, the case has made it to the Supreme Court.” The judges also questioned why Abu Zubaydah remained at Guantánamo after so many years without charge or trial.

Lawyers for Abu Zubaydah, who has been held at Guantánamo without charge or trial since 2006, after over three years of illegal secret detention and torture by the CIA at locations around the world, have also filed cases at the United Nations and may also do so in the UK to obtain further information and details about the torture he faced.

https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/10/6/us-top-court-hears-guantanamo-detainee-state-secrets-case

Following the hearing, the Biden administration said it would allow Abu Zubaydah to testify in a written declaration to Polish investigators about the treatment he received in CIA detention; however, his statement is likely to be redacted to protect US torturers. The US government claims that nonetheless, this “would not prevent him from describing his treatment while in CIA custody.”

https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/10/18/us-to-allow-guantanamo-detainee-to-pen-letter-on-cia-mistreatment

Following this news, one of Abu Zubaydah’s lawyers David Klein, wrote to the Supreme Court asking it to wait until the Biden administration explains what it means about allowing Abu Zubaydah to make a written statement and how much of it will be disclosed to the Polish investigators before deciding on the case. In his letter, Klein stated: “the Government will allow Abu Zubaydah to submit a written declaration about his treatment at the hands of the CIA so long as the CIA authorizes it.”

https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/guantanamo-lawyer-says-case-should-be-put-hold-supreme-court

Full letter: https://www.supremecourt.gov/DocketPDF/20/20-827/197445/20211025123903253_AZ%202021.10.25%20Letter%20to%20Mr.%20Harris%204872-4094-1312%20v.1.pdf

 

The prisoner reviewer board has cleared two more prisoners for release. Yemeni Sanad Yislam al-Kazimi, 51, and Afghan Assadullah Haroon Gul, 40, were both cleared for release on 7 October by the review board. It has been recommended that al-Kazimi is sent to Oman, in view of the ongoing war in Yemen. Neither has been tried or charged while held at Guantánamo.

https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20211014-us-approves-freeing-two-guantanamo-detainees

In Gul’s case, following a habeas corpus application to review his prisoner status and grounds for detention filed in 2016, two weeks later, a US judge granted his application and ruled that there is no legal basis for him to be held at Guantánamo; such a ruling has not been made in over a decade. The details and reasoning of the ruling remain classified.

In spite of this ruling, and two more prisoners being cleared for release, it does not mean that any prisoners will be released soon or that plans are underway to facilitate this.

https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/10/21/judge-says-us-held-afghan-militant-unlawfully-at-guantanamo-bay

 

Following their arraignment in late August, more than 15 years after arriving at Guantánamo, one of two Malaysian prisoners in a case also involving an Indonesian prisoner has filed a motion to have the arraignment, at which they were given details of the charges against them, annulled as “a Malay translator provided by the US government was incompetent and an Indonesian translator helping the prosecution was biased.” Malaysian “Mohammed Nazir Lep said the Indonesian translator had stated last year that “I don’t know why the government is wasting so much money on these terrorists; they should have been killed a long time ago”. A motion posted on the website of the US Military Commission’s office said the “real and apparent bias prevented her from functioning as a true, accurate and impartial voice of the court”.” At the hearing, the three men refused to enter a plea, “citing incompetence of the translators which resulted in inaccurate translations.” The matter also delayed the hearing. Nazir’s lead counsel Brian Bouffard said “the US government had not secured a competent Malay translator “despite the extraordinary amount of time the government has had to prepare for the prosecution of this case”. Lawyers are asking for the arraignment to held again, properly.

https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2021/10/18/malaysian-in-guantanamo-terror-trial-says-translator-was-biased/

 

The UAE has repatriated the remaining 12 Yemeni former Guantánamo prisoners it accepted from the US between 2015 and 2017. A group of 6 others were repatriated to Yemen in July where they were quickly released and reunited with their families. The 12 men arrived in Yemen on 27 October and their families were asked to come to a military base to meet them after release. Although the UAE government has not commented, the Yemeni government has said that those released in July received some funds from the UAE and Yemeni governments. The UN and human rights organisations have condemned the forced repatriations by the UAE and have claimed that the men were told to return to Yemen or face indefinite detention in the UAE; they had been detained in some form since their “release” from Guantánamo by the US to the country.

https://www.reuters.com/world/uae-sends-12-former-guantanamo-detainees-yemen-lawyer-official-2021-10-28/

 

During his sentencing hearing, for the first time, Guantánamo prisoner Majid Khan described some of the torture he suffered at the hands of the CIA. This torture was used to extract his confession and convict him in a secret plea bargain. Although he may be freed next year in spite of being given a 26-year sentence, almost a decade after he was convicted, those involved in his torture remain free, in spite of having committed crimes against humanity that were detailed in the 2014 US Senate report into the CIA’s torture programme. He said he was “left terrified and hallucinating”. “Khan spoke of being suspended naked from a ceiling beam for long periods, doused repeatedly with ice water to keep him awake for days. He described having his head held under water to the point of near drowning, only to have water poured into his nose and mouth when the interrogators let him up. He was beaten, given forced enemas, sexually assaulted and starved in overseas prisons whose locations were not disclosed. “I would beg them to stop and swear to them that I didn’t know anything,” said Khan, reading from a 39-page statement. “If I had intelligence to give I would have given it already but I didn’t have anything to give.””

https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2021/oct/29/going-die-guantanamo-prisoner-torture-testimony

https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/10/29/in-first-guatanamo-detainee-details-cia-torture-in-court